The jacket heated the cylinder from the outside to prevent condensation in the cylinder. Furthermore, the cylinders were 'jacketed' at the top and bottom. This gave the optimal balance of driving forces that could be attained for this number of cylinders. Their pistons moved in opposite directions and drove one crank, which was attached to the crankshaft opposite the crank of the other pair. Each pair consisted of a high- and low-pressure cylinder lying next to each other, so they could easily exchange steam. It had two pairs of cylinders, lying so their piston rods were at a 60-90 degree angle. Construction of that for Inca was started in May 1856. Inca and Valparaiso were paddle-steamers which got this engine, that got patented in March 1856. The directors then conferred with the company, resulting in the 'double-cylinder engine'. When the Crimean War broke out, freight tariffs increased to the point that the price of coal almost doubled there. In that area, fuel was imported from Britain and therefore more costly. In 1855-1856 it operated on the west coast of South America. The Pacific Steam Navigation Company did become an enthusiastic customer. The merits of the engine of Brandon were not enough to persuade others, and from 1854 till about 1866 Randolph, Elder and Co were the only engineers who made compound engines under their various patents. At the time the lowest rate of consumption in other steamers was about 4-4.5 lbs per ihp per hour. ![]() She had a coal consumption of about 3.25 lbs per ihp per hour. Brandon, a vessel of about 800 tons and 800 ihp made her trials in July 1854. One was driven by the high-pressure cylinder, the other by the low-pressure cylinder, with the pistons always moving in opposite directions. The crankshaft was turned by two opposite cranks (arms). It had a vertical geared compound engine with a patented (January 1853) arrangement of the cylinders. In July 1854 the screw steamer Brandon was fit with engines by Randolph, Elder & Co. The company's attempts centred on trying to prevent energy loss due to friction and premature condensation of steam. The compound engine with low (as it would later be called) pressure would give Randolph, Elder and Co its first renown for economic compound engines. With regard to the compound engine two specific phases can be discerned: 'low' pressure compound engines and 'high' pressure compound engines. The story is closely connected to the application of the compound steam engine for marine use, in which the firm played a crucial role. Its skills in this field also enabled it to become one of the biggest shipbuilders in the world. In this field, the company would acquire world fame. It enabled the company to start diversifying into marine engineering. Elder had a natural talent for engineering and had also worked at the Napier shipyard. In 1852 the company became Randolph, Elder and Company when John Elder (1824-1869) joined the business. Randolph, Elder and Co starts to build ship engines Elliott died shortly after becoming a partner. In 1839 Mr Elliott joined the firm and it became known as Randolph, Elliott & Co. It was the first serious local manufacturer of cog and other large wheels for driving machinery, and soon became famous for accuracy. By 1834 it built engines and machinery in the Tradeston district of Glasgow. Cunliff, who managed the commercial side. With the knowledge that he acquired, he started as a millwright in partnership with his cousin Richard S. He had been an apprentice at the Clyde shipyard of Robert Napier, and at William Fairbairn & Sons in Manchester. John Elder & Co and predecessors Millwright Randolph & Elliott Ĭharles Randolph founded the company as Randolph & Co. These included ships for the Bosporus crossing in Istanbul and some of the early ships used by Thomas Cook for developing tourism on the River Nile. ![]() At the other end of the scale, Fairfields built fast cross-channel mail steamers and ferries for locations around the world. It also built many transatlantic liners, including record-breaking ships for the Cunard Line and Canadian Pacific, such as the Blue Riband-winning sisters RMS Campania and RMS Lucania. Fairfields, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the Royal Navy and other navies through the First World War and the Second World War. The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited was a Scottish shipbuilding company in the Govan area on the Clyde in Glasgow. ![]() Northumberland Shipbuilding Group (1919–1935)
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